超高效液相色谱法在药物有关物质分析中的应用

药物有关物质的控制是药品安全、有效的重要保障,是评价药品质量优劣的关键指标。近年来,超高效液相色谱法在药物有关物质分析领域的应用逐渐增多,如：测定原料药、制剂的有关物质,同时测定药物的含量和有关物质等。     

不同频率电针“内关”穴对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠血管活性物质的影响

目的:比较不同频率电针"内关"穴对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠血液中血管活性物质含量的影响,并分析不同频率电针改善心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制。方法:40只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、高频电针组及低频电针组。除假手术组外,其余各组结扎左冠状动脉前降支30min并再灌注40min造成心肌缺血再灌注模型,高频电针组及低频电针组于结扎成功即刻起分别以120Hz及20Hz持续电针"内关"穴50min。采用放射免疫法检测各组血浆内皮素(ET)、心钠素(ANP)、血栓素B 2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)含量,并采用硝酸还原酶法检测各组血清一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果:模型组与假手术组比较,血浆ET、ANP、TXB2含量显著升高(P0.05),血浆6-Keto-PGF1α含量显著下降(P0.05),血清NO含量有所下降,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与模型组相比,高频电针组和低频电针组的血浆ET、ANP、TXB2含量均有显著降低,血浆6-Keto-PGF1α含量及血清NO含量显著升高(P0.05)。高频电针组血清NO含量显著高于低频电针组(P0.05)。结论:电针大鼠"内关"穴可以调节血管活性物质,这可能参与了对心肌缺血再灌注的治疗作用。此外,不同频率电针对血管活性物质的调节作用不完全相同,这可能是不同手法针刺疗效存在差异的原因之一。     

Etude expérimentale d'un nouveau sulfamide hypoglycémiant particulièrement actif,le HB 419 ou glibenclamide

Résumé Les auteurs ont montré chez la souris que le HB 419 administré chroniquement, stimule le développement des îlots de Langerhans et des cellules bêta. Ce produit est donc doué de l'action bêtacytotrophe. Chez le chien normal, l'administration pendant 4 mois de HB 419 a pour effets d'abaisser la glycémie à jeun ainsi que l'ensemble de la courbe de la glycémie nycthémérale.- L'expérimentation effectuée montre que sous l'influence de l'administration prolongée de HB 419, la quantité d'insuline endogène synthétisée et sécrétée en plus de la sécrétion normale est considérable.

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Experimental study on glibenclamide (HB 419), a new particularly action hypoglycaemic sulphonamide

Summary The authors have demonstrated that HB 419 chronically administered in the mouse, stimulated the development of the islets of Langerhans and particularly that of the beta cells. This substance is thus endowed with a beta cytotrophic action. — In the normal dog, HB 419 administered over a four-month period resulted in a decreased fasting glycaemia, as well as a decrease of the entire nyctohemeral glycaemia curve. The experiments carried out showed that under the influence of prolonged HB 419 administration, the amount of endogenous insulin synthesized and secreted over and above the normal secretory level, was considerable.

Le HB 419 ou glibenclamide portait initialement le nom de glybenzcyclamide. La dénomination commune internationale qui vient d'être définitivement adoptée est glibenclamide.     

中药"显效理论"或有助于阐释并弘扬中药特色优势

该文归纳出中药"显效理论",即中药通过"众多显效形式(显效型)的单靶点叠加作用、多靶点协同作用及毒性分散效应"发挥药效并削弱自身毒性。一味中药可含有约1 000种成分,一种成分口服进入体内后又可产生约100种代谢产物。无数化学成分及其无数体内代谢产物中的众多显效形式可共同发挥"集团军式作用"。在药物分子少、靶点分子多的情况下,中药不同种的显效型分子可相继与靶点分子结合,发生叠加作用,当"靶点充分占位"时药效始启动。既有浓度上的叠加作用又有时间段先后的叠加作用,这使得药效得以持久。显效型呈现药效叠加和毒性分散,源于不同显效形式分子结构之间药效基团相同而毒性基团不完全相同。"毒性分散效应"适于对无毒中药而不适于对有毒中药的解释。显效理论揭示中药可以众多化学成分及众多代谢产物参与发挥药效过程,包括叠加作用、协同作用及毒性分散效应,可有助于阐释和弘扬中药特色优势。今后需研究/确证的问题:中药药效物质基础及其作用机制是怎样构成的?多数中药为什么毒性小?体现中药特色优势的中药"显效理论"如何在新药研发中应用?     

中药标准物质替代测定法技术指导原则

 中药标准物质替代测定法是符合中药特点的多指标质量控制的一种有效模式。为了指导该法的建立,统一并规范该法的研究及在国家药品标准中的应用,并证明采用的方法是否适合于相应的检测要求,探讨并提出本技术指导原则。本指导原则从该法的定义与分类、定量的原理与方法、色谱峰的定位与确认、技术要求四个方面进行论述。当中药指纹图谱(特征图谱)鉴别项或多指标含量测定项采用中药标准物质替代测定法时,按照本原则进行方法学验证研究。     

Effect of two monoterpene phenols on antioxidant defense system in Candida albicans

Thymol and carvacrol from the class of monoterpene phenols are one of the most potent plant essential oil components possessing antimicrobial effects. Known for their wide bioactive spectrum, these positional isomers of isopropyl cresol deplete ergosterol content, compromise membrane permeability, block efflux pumps and restore antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole in resistant Candida strains. Exposure to these natural compounds induces a cascade of stress responses, which are important to comprehend their microbicidal mechanisms. This study evaluates the antioxidant defense response to lower concentrations of thymol and carvacrol in Candida albicans. The antioxidant defense responses in C. albicans are important for developmental mechanisms pertaining to resistance against the immune system, infection establishment and drug resistance. In this view, primary and secondary antioxidant defense enzymes, and oxidative stress markers including glutathione and lipid peroxidation were determined in C. albicans cells exposed to lower concentrations of thymol and carvacrol. These compounds were found to induce oxidative stress and compromised the antioxidant defense system in C. albicans at lower concentrations. This study helps in understanding the ‘in cell’ antifungal mechanisms of natural monoterpene phenols originating from oxidative stress. Thymol and carvacrol induced membrane deterioration reported earlier, is further explained as a result of a toxic radical cascade mediated by lipid peroxidation. Findings reinforce the observed toxic oxidizing effects of these compounds as a consequence of direct damage to antioxidant components and not to their genetic manipulations.     

Evolution of the NBOMes: 25C- and 25B- Sold as 25I-NBOMe

Introduction

The NBOMes (N-benzyl-oxy-methyl derivatives of known 2C phenylethylamines) are a new and growing class of potent synthetic stimulants. Case reports provide the bulk of available safety and clinical data for clinicians. We report two cases of NBOMe intoxication with 25C-NBOMe (the first lab-confirmed US case) and 25B-NBOMe, respectively, both confirmed via triple quadrapole mass spectrometry.

Case Reports

Case 1: A 16-year-old girl had a generalized seizure after reported use of 25I-NBOMe. She presented with altered mental status, lower extremity rigidity, and elevated CPK (6042 U/L). Despite treatment with benzodiazepines, her lower extremity rigidity persisted and CPK peaked at 47,906 U/L. She was discharged on hospital day 8. Serum and urine specimens confirmed presence of 25C-NBOMe. Case 2: A 15-year-old boy developed bizarre behavior after reported use of 25I-NBOMe. In the ED, he had two generalized seizures and persistent muscle rigidity. CPK peaked at 429 U/L. Seizures were managed with benzodiazepines, and he was discharged within 24 h. Serum specimens revealed 25B-NBOMe.

Discussion

NBOMes are amphetamine derivatives and highly potent 5-HT_2A receptor agonists. Clinical manifestations are a product of enhanced central sympathetic and serotonergic tone. We report two cases of NBOMe intoxication in patients who believed they used 25I-NBOME, while lab confirmation proved otherwise. Whether unique clinical manifestations are specific to the NBOMe variant, dose, route of administration, or other factors is unknown. Laboratory confirmation may play a role in identifying unexpected NBOMe variants, while contributing to the epidemiologic data on these novel substances.     

庆大霉素C组分和有关物质测定的HPLC-柱后衍生化法与脉冲安培电化学法的比较研究

摘 要 目的： 参考《欧洲药典》的HPLC 脉冲安培电化学法建立高效液相色谱 柱后衍生化法测定庆大霉素C组分含量及其有关物质, 同时与电化学法进行比较研究。方法: 采用亲水性HydrosphereC₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以含0.7%三氟乙酸及0.025%五氟丙酸的50 mmol·L^-1氢氧化钠溶液（pH2.6）-乙腈（98.5∶1.5）为流动相。衍生化法反应温度30℃,荧光激发波长340 nm,发射波长430 nm。电化学法采用脉冲安培检测器,金电极为工作电极,四电位波形工作模式。结果:两种方法测定的庆大霉素C组分（C_1a, C₂, C_2a和C₁）分别在5.82～233.00,6.92～277.00,4.00～160.00和6.23～249.00 μg·mL^-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r均≥0.999 3）,检测限和定量限范围分别为0.92～3.28 ng和1.37～5.19 ng。结论: 两种方法的检测结果无明显差异。     

UPLC法测定奈韦拉平的含量及有关物质

目的：改进奈韦拉平的含量和有关物质测定方法 方法：采用 Acquity UPLC TSS T3 C18（2.1mm×50mm,1.8μm）,流动相为10mmol? L-1磷酸二氢铵溶液（pH5.0）-乙腈（80∶20）,流量为0.7ml?min-1,检测波长为220nm。结果：奈韦拉平在0.16～0.96mg? ml-1的范围内线性关系良好（r＝0.999,n＝6）, 平均回收率为99.6%,RSD＝2.0%（n＝9）。结论：本方法快速、简便、准确,专属性强。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸右哌甲酯缓释微丸的有关物质及含量

目的：应用高效液相色谱技术建立盐酸右哌甲酯缓释微丸有关物质检查和含量测定的方法。方法采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱（250 mm ×4．6 mm,5μm）;磷酸二氢钾溶液[25 mmol／L,三乙胺0．2％（v／v）,磷酸调至pH 3．5]－甲醇（65∶35）为流动相,检测波长209 nm,流速1．0 ml／min,柱温40℃。结果在选定的色谱条件下,盐酸右哌甲酯与相关杂质分离良好,制剂辅料不干扰盐酸右哌甲酯的测定;检测限为81．12 ng／ml（S／N＝3）,在质量浓度2～30μg／ml范围内,盐酸右哌甲酯与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数r为0．9995;平均回收率为100．83％,溶液在12 h内保持稳定（ RSD为0．10％）。结论该方法简便、准确、专属性强,可用于盐酸右哌甲酯缓释微丸有关物质及其含量的测定。